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leveling seat
Leveling seats (Danish. ''Tillægsmandat'', Swedish. ''Utjämningsmandat'', Norwegian. ''Utjevningsmandater'', Icelandic. ''Jöfnunarsæti'', German. ''Ausgleichsmandat''), commonly known also as adjustment seats, are an election mechanism employed for many years by all Scandinavian countries and Iceland in elections for their national legislatures. They are the seats of additional members elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency. The purpose of these additional seats is to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the parties' overall shares of votes at the national level. Relatively recently, Germany has also introduced national leveling seats for the lower house of their national parliament (the Bundestag).
==Denmark==
In 1915, Denmark became one of the first countries in the world to introduce leveling seats in their parliamentary elections. Since then, all parliamentary elections in Denmark have allocated these adjustment seats as a substantial fraction of the seats in the parliament. The parliamentary seats currently comprise 135 county seats and 40 leveling seats, with a further 4 "North Atlantic seats" elected separately by proportional representation in the Faroe Islands and Greenland (which are not treated as an integral part of the Danish election system). The leveling seats are supplementary to the normal seats which are allocated by proportional votes within each county. All parties which achieve at least 2% of the national votes are granted as many leveling seats as required to achieve proportional representation at the national level.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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